Jupiter
10 May 2020
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I am Jupiter
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Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. This space object becomes the largest planet in the Solar System with a diameter 142,984 km) that potentially able to fit in 1300 planets the size of Earth. Can you imagine how huge it is?
The size of Jupiter maybe tens of times larger than the Earth, but this doesn't define Jupiter older than Earth. If Neptune, 5.5 billion-year-old, could be older than the Earth. Jupiter, on the other hand, is 40 million years younger than Earth.
Hint: Earth = 4.543 billion years old
so, how old is Jupiter? Well, you guess it!
Despite its large size, humans will never be able to live on Jupiter. Not only because its located away from the Sun and Earth, but also due to the indefinite surface. Unlike the terrestrial planets, Jupiter is a giant jovian, no lands but gas.
Even though the distance is away from the Earth, Jupiter can easily be seen with naked eyes in the night sky as a bright white star. This is because Jupiter can cast shadows when light is reflected on it, makes it the second brightest space object after Venus.
Read Also : The Solar System and Neptune
Paying close attention to Jupiter could lead us to a giant red dot on its surface. This red dot was not a cloud but a huge storm that was three times bigger than the size of the Earth has been raging for more than 300 years. This storm was first discovered by Giovanni Cassini in 1665 (an Italian astronomer) and becomes one of the best-known features of Jupiter.
As one of the Jovian planets, Jupiter is composed primarily of gaseous and liquid matter. This gas giant massively 74% consists of hydrogen with 24% of its mass being helium and the other 1% are the combination of ammonia, methane and water. Due to its gaseous state, it may not have rocks rather than dense and liquid in its core. In the middle of Jupiter lies an ocean. Unlike the ocean, we have on Earth that consists of water, the ocean of Jupiter contains metal or metallic hydrogen that is covered by a thick veil of hydrogen and helium.
Just like other planets, Jupiter is named after the Roman God due to its greatest size. Jupiter itself is the name of the king of the Gods in the ancient Romans. This name practically is following the size of Jupiter. Nevertheless, to the Greeks, Jupiter was a symbol of the Thundergod Zeus. In the same time, Jupiter was the God of protector Marduk to Mesopotamian people.
Does Jupiter have a ring?
unlike the ring of Saturn, Jupiter has a ring made of dust. This ring was built from Jupiter’s satellite that is pulled into Jupiter because of its gravitational force, the strongest in the Solar System. The planetary ring of Jupiter composed of three main segments. The halo as the inner ring, the bright central ring, and the gossamer as the outer ring.
Apart from being surrounded by a faint ring and a powerful magnetosphere, this largest planet has 79 known moons. In 1610, Galileo (an Italian astronomer) discovered four largest moons of Jupiter recognized as Galilean moons. The four largest moons are IO (most volcanically active body in the solar system), Ganymede (the largest moon in the solar system), Europa and Callisto along with Ganymede (may contain oceans of liquid water underneath their crusts.
Read Also : The Solar System and Mercury
Comparing to the other 7 planets, Jupiter spins the fastest on its axis, causing one day on Jupiter lasts only around 10 hours on Earth. Because of this swiftest rotation, turbulance and storms continually occured. Even if this planet requires less time to complete one full rotation, it, on the other hand, needs 11.8 Earth years to orbit the Sun once.
Jupiter is a giant planet with the most powerful gravity in the Solar System. This gravity is not only useful for itself, but also to its surrounding celestial bodies, including Earth. This strongest gravitational force could damage comets, meteorites and asteroids that pass nearby. In 1994, when comet Shoemaker-levy 9 was predicted to crash Earth, pulled into Jupiter. Therefore, instead of crashing the Earth, this comet hit Jupiter.
Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft made the closest approach to Jupiter on December 4, 1973, giving us adequate information regarding this giant planet.
For more detailed, you may watch the following video!
For more detailed, you may watch the following video!
So that's the explanation of the Jupiter, I hope that it can help you understand about it.
Your loyal Cap. Idaa
Ciao
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Neptune
3 May 2020
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I am Neptune
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Neptune is also known as an ice giant. This ice giant becomes the fourth-largest planet due to its diameter 49.530 km and the third-largest according to its mass. Comparing to Earth, Neptune has 17 times bigger mass, orbiting the Sun from 30 astronomical units (4.450 million km). It has 14 moons as its natural satellites. Despina, Galatea, Halimede, Hippocamp, Laomedeia, Larissa, Naiad, Nereid, Neso, Proteus, Psamathe, Sao, Thalassa and Triton (as its biggest moon).
This planet was discovered on 23 September 1846. It is the eight and the farthest planet from the Sun in our Solar System. Because of its great distance from the Sun, Neptune is cold, dark and icy. It takes 16,1 hours to complete one full rotation on its axis and at the same orbiting the Sun. One full orbit in Neptune takes 164,8 years due to its distance from the Sun which also makes it the slowest planet.
In terms of speed, Neptune might be considered as the slowest space moving object, but when it comes to storm this gas giant has the most horrifying storm with 1,340 km per second that capable of breaking the sound barrier.
Did you know? that 45% of Neptune’s composition made of its core which 1,5 times the size of Earth. Another 55% is the surface that contains water, methane and ammonia ices. This planet is covered by a layer of clouds that consist of hydrogen, helium and methane, causing it reaches in blue colour. This blue colour stands the reason of Neptune was named after a Roman Sea God.
Neptune was accidentally discovered by an Italian astronomer, Galileo. He found Neptune in the night sky assuming it as a star instead of a planet. Only after the scientists wondered the irregular orbit of Uranus, leading them to speculate to another existence of the planet. This speculation come to reality in 1846 and Neptune was officially discovered. Due to its strong gravitational force, it can pull another space objects towards it. This condition causes Uranus having irregular orbit. Therefore, Neptune is also called as a Troublemaker.
How old is Neptune?
It has the same age as the Sun and they both 1 billion years older than the Earth, which is 4,5 billion years old. So, how old is it? Well, you know the answer :)
So that's the explanation of Neptune, I hope that it can help you understand about it.
Your loyal Cap. Idaa
Ciao
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Mercury
28 April 2020
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I am Mercury
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Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and becomes the smallest in our Solar System. Its diameter just over 3,032 miles or 4,880 Km. This planet is one of the terestrial planets that consists of three main layers: core, mantle and crust with no tectonic plates. 85% of Mercury is made of enormous core and the rest 15% are the mantle and crust.
Why this planet becomes the smallest among 8 major planets?
This is due to the exceptional size of its hot iron core that has slowly cooled down and contracted, pulling the surface inward and causing it to shrink. In 4,5 billion years, the size of Mercury gets smaller radially by more than 4 miles (7 Km).
As its the nearest planet to the star of the Solar System, it has the fastest revolution comparing to other planets on average distance 36,000,000 miles.
Unlike the Earth with 6 layers of the atmosphere (Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere), Mercury is only protected by exosphere, the most out layer of the atmosphere, which made of oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium and potassium that all whipped up by solar winds from the surface.
This planet is also called as an extreme planet due to the changing temperature. In the day time, its temperature could climb up to 800 F (427 C) and fall to -290 F (-179 C) in the night time. This explains that its day is extremely hot and its night is frozen.
The orbit of Mercury is elliptical, slowing down when it's further away from the Sun and accelerating as it gets closer. It completes one full orbit with 88 days based on Earth Calculation. 1 Year in Mercury equals 88 Days on Earth which means its time is faster than other planets.
Read Also : Neptune and the Jupiter
Read Also : Neptune and the Jupiter
Even if this planet is difficult to observe from the Earth, Scientists can have adequate information about Mercury due to the successful landed of two spacecraft: NASA’s Mariner 10 and Messenger.
You may watch the following video for more information:
You may watch the following video for more information:
To conclude :
- The smallest planet in the Solar System
- Mercury is made of rocky material with the solid surface without rings and moons as the satellite.
- It has the shortest orbit in the Solar System at about three Earth months or 88 days.
- Its grey similar to the Moon with rough surface caused by the asteroids hit.
- It takes 59 days to complete one rotation, resulting in the extreme changes of temperature.
- It's only protected by Exosphere, the most out layer of the atmosphere.
Your loyal Cap. Idaa
Ciao
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The Solar System
27 April 2020
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The Sun is the center of the Solar System
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When you look at the sky in the evening, you can see many sparkling objects. They are burning ball of fire known as stars and visible during the night with naked eyes. The Sun is one of the stars, why cant you see it during the night?. Using telescope, you will be able to spot few planets and other space objects. Why these objects are hard to detect during the day? Lets read through to find the answer !
Read Also : Mercury and Neptune
Read Also : Mercury and Neptune
In 24 hours, we experience sunrise and sunset, days and nights, the Sun apparent movement throughout the day. Without us knowing that its happening due to the Earth spinning on its axis. So, everyday, the Sun rises in the East in the morning, then it appears to move gradually across the sky before setting down in the West in the evening because of the Earth rotation.
What are the causes of the Earth spins/rotates on its axis?
We might wonder why the Sun rises in the East in the morning and appears to move across the sky before setting down in the West in the evening?. This is because the first part of the Earth that exposes with the sunlight is the East and West becomes the last part of the Earth that reaches the sunlight. So, if you’re asking : Does the Sun moves across the sky? Well, the Sun doesnt go anywhere, it is the Earth that rotates on its axis, causing day and night, sunrise and sunset withing 24 hours. While spinning on its axis, it also revolves around the Sun. One complete revolution takes 1 year or 365 days, resulting different season in every part of the Earth.
while the Earth rotates on its axis, it constantly revolves around the Sun
Common Misconception(s):
- The Sun rises at exactly the same position in the East and sets at exactly the same position in the West every day.
- The Sun moves around the Earth because it appears to move across the sky in the day.
- The Earth’s revolution around the Sun causes the cycle of day and night.
- The Sun moving around the Earth causes the cycle of day and night.
What objects that make up the Solar System?
As the Sun becomes the centre of the Solar System, there are 8 main planets revolve around it. These planets are divided into two categories, terrestrial (inner) planets and Jovian (outer) planets. They are divided by an asteroid belt that lies between them. Terrestrial planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. While Jovian planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. These planets are not the only objects that orbit the Sun, other space objects such as comets and asteroids also orbit the Sun. Together, they make up the Solar System.
What instruments and machines can be used to explore the space?
- The telescope can be used to see space objects that are far away.
- Rocket. It is used to launch artificial satellites, space probes or humans into space.
- Space probe. It can carry instruments to explore faraway places in space.
- Rover, it can be used to explore the surface of a planet.
- Space station. It provides a place or base for astronauts and scientists to live and work in space.
To conclude, the Solar System consists of the Sun, which is a star made up of hot gases, and the objects that orbit it. These objects are asteroids which are rocky objects found mostly in the asteroid belt, comets which are icy balls of dust and rocks develop dust tails when they approach the Sun, and the 8 planets.
To understand more about the characteristics of each planet, you may watch this video:
So that's the explanation of the solar system, I hope that it can help you understand about it.
Your loyal Cap. Idaa
Ciao
Sounds
22 April 2020
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Kids in a choir
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Have you ever been to a concert or a choir? In a concert, you will hear the musical instruments played loudly and the singer sings resoundingly. However, how did the music travel from the stage to you? What did the performers do to make loud and soft sounds, high-pitched and low-pitched sounds using their instruments or their own voice? To answer this, we must first know what is sound.
Sounds are made when things or air vibrate. In other words, vibration is something that produces sound.
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Flicking a ruler
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When you flick a ruler on the table, you will observe the ruler vibrating. Once the vibration stops, the sound will also disappear. The harder you flick the ruler, the louder the sound. When you place a longer ruler over the edge of the table, the sound will be lower in pitched (low in frequency wave). This is because the vibration becomes slower, decreasing the pitch of the sound. So, what if you put a shorter ruler over the edge of the table? Well, you know the answer, it's high-pitched sound (high in frequency wave). Therefore, slow vibration produces low-pitched sounds while fast vibration produces high-pitched sounds.
So, can we make sound using different things and materials? If your answer is YES, then you’re certainly correct. There are some ways to make things vibrate and produce sounds such as plucking, hitting, blowing and shaking. These ways are used particularly when you play musical instruments like guitar, drum, recorder and angklung.
Accordingly, can human produce sound?
We, humans, have a vocal cord inside our larynx. This cords will vibrate when we speak or scream, resulting in us to produce sound. Imagine, if this cords stop vibrating, no matter how hard we scream we still don't make a sound.
When you whisper someone, your vocal cords will have small vibration, producing soft sounds. Conversely, when you scream, large vibration produces loud sounds. These sound levels can be measured using the sound level meter in the unit decibel (dB). Normally, a human can hear up to 140 dB, above this number can result in permanent hearing loss. Wearing ear defenders and closing doors and windows can help us protect our hearing.
How do sounds travel?
Sounds can travel in three different matters like solids, liquids and gases.
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How sounds travel in three different matters
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The picture above shows how sounds can pass through solid, liquid and gas. We can hear different sounds in anywhere we are due to these matters are all around us.
Sounds can be bent and absorbed depending on the type of the materials. Hard materials such as wall, stone and wood can bend sound. Soft materials such as carpets and sponges can absorb sound.
To understand more about sounds, you may watch this video:
So that's the explanation of sounds, I hope that it can help you understand about it.
Now, let's try this!
These sounds have sound levels in 10 dB, 60 dB, 85 dB, 120 dB and 130 dB. Match these sound levels with the type of sounds below.
- Hairdryer blowing = …… dB
- Human breathing = ……..dB
- Aeroplane taking off = ……….dB
- Background music playing = ……….dB
- Siren sounding = ……….. dB
Please submit your answer in the following comment box!.
Your loyal Cap. Idaa
Ciao
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Shadows
21 April 2020
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I am a tree and I have a shadow
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In the morning or afternoon, you will have longer shadow due to the Sun is lower in the sky. At noon or midday where the Sun is high in the sky, your shadow will be shorter. But why do we have a shadow? To answer this we must first know what is a shadow?
Shadow is an area of darkness where light cannot reach. That means shadow can only be formed when an object of materials blocks the light.
There are three types of materials around us. They are opaque, translucent and transparent. Will all these materials form shadow? Let's find out!
Opaque, Translucent and Transparent materials
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Opaque, Translucent and Transparent boards
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The picture above shows us that we are unable to see the first kid face because his board is opaque. This type of material doesn't allow any light to pass through it. In other words, it blocks all the light that falls on it. Therefore, it can produce the darkest shadow.
You can see the second kid’s face yet unclear due to her board is translucent. This material allows some light to pass through and reflect the rest that is why we cannot see through it. Translucent materials form a light shadow.
The last kid’s face can be seen clearly as his board is transparent. Most light can pass through transparent materials that is why we can see through it. This material will not form shadow.
So, why our body can form a shadow? You guessed it, our body can block the light.
The last kid’s face can be seen clearly as his board is transparent. Most light can pass through transparent materials that is why we can see through it. This material will not form shadow.
So, why our body can form a shadow? You guessed it, our body can block the light.
What do you think the uses of opaque, translucent and transparent materials?
Without us knowing these three materials have an important function in our daily life. Take bathroom door, for example, its made of opaque material which blocks all light from passing through so it gives us privacy from the inside. Imagine if it's made of transparent material? Well, you know the answer.
Move to translucent, have you ever gone to the beach where the Sunlight is so bright? In this situation, you need sunglasses to protect your eyes which are made of translucent material. Glasses made of opaque and transparent material will not help you. In contrary, glasses made of transparent material is needed for reading so that you can see through it clearly.
But remember :
Not all types of glass and plastic are transparent.
Does the position of objects affect the size of the shadow?
The answer is YES, the closer the object to the light source, the bigger the shadow. This is because a larger area of light will be blocked, increasing its size.
From morning to evening, our shadow changes from longer to shorter and then back to longer. This happens because the Earth is spinning on its axis and the Sun appears to move throughout the day. So, it is not the Sun that is moving, it is us. Wow, interesting right?
In conclusion, a shadow is an area of darkness formed when light is totally or partially blocked because light travels in straight lines and it can change its shape, length, position and size when the position of the light source or object changes.
To understand more about shadow, you may watch this video:
So that's the explanation of shadow, I hope that it can help you understand about it.
Now, let's try this!
Now you understand what is shadow and how it formed. Can you identify 3 objects in your home that is made of opaque, translucent and transparent material and explain the reason why. Please submit your answer in the following comment box!.
Your loyal Cap. Idaa
Ciao
Learn Also :
Electricity
20 April 2020
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I am a simple circuit
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Hi guys, have you ever noticed the city where you live in the evening? If yes, you will see so many bright buildings. They are all lit by electrical lightings.
Do you still remember how the man-made light source such as bulb or LED (Light Emitting Diode) produces light? Well, to produce light, it needs to be set up in a circuit where all components are connected.
So what are the electrical components in the circuit?
Electrical components are the components that formed a closed circuit. A simple circuit must at least have battery, lamp or bulb, wire and or switch as its components so that the electric current can flow.
The functions of the components are vary:
- Battery/cell provides electric charges for the bulb to light up. It has positive and negative ends. The electric charges will flow from the positive end to the negative end.
- Lamp/bulb produces light once the electric charges flow through it. There are five parts in a bulb such as metal tip, metal casing, metal wires, metal filament and glass cover. For a bulb to light up, the metal casing and the metal tip must be connected to both ends of a battery using wire. You may take a look at the following picture for the details:
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I am a bulb and here are my parts
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- The Wire connects all the electrical components to complete a circuit.
- The Switch is used to open and close the circuit. Once it closes the circuit, the bulb lights up and vice versa.
How do you think a battery can make a bulb light up?
The answer for this is by providing energy to push the electric current around the electric circuit and make the filament in the bulb becomes very hot. Wow, it's awesome, right? So the bulb doesn't give off light but becomes very hot that causes the glass cover glow.
What are closed and open circuit?
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We are a closed and open circuit
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Well, a closed-circuit means there is no gap/space between in the circuit which by definition all components are connected by wires. Therefore, the electric current flows in it and causes the bulb light up. What about an open circuit? You guessed it, it's just the opposite.
Please be informed that :
- electric current flows from the battery only and not from the other parts of the electric circuit when the electric circuit is closed.
- The electric current in the part of the electric circuit after a bulb is lower than that before the bulb because the electric current has been ‘used up’ by the bulb.
- In an open circuit, electric current flows to the part where there is a gap and returns to the battery when it cannot flow through the gap.
So, what safety precautions can we take while using electricity?
- Never touch the bulb switch with wet hands.
- Stop using damage wires.
- Do not poke into the electric sockets.
- Avoid the overload socket.
To understand more about circuit, you may watch this video:
So that's the explanation of circuit, I hope that it can help you understand about it.
Now, let's try this!
Now you understand that for a bulb to light up the metal casing and the metal tip must be connected to both ends of a battery. Can you identify which bulb light up and not light up from the picture above? Please submit your answer in the following comment box!.
Your loyal Cap. Idaa
Ciao
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